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Carcass (projectile)
A carcass was an early form of incendiary bomb or shell, intended to set targets on fire. It comprised an external casing, usually of cast iron, filled with a highly flammable mixture, and having three to five holes through which the burning filling could blaze outward.〔"Carcass". ''Oxford English Dictionary''. Oxford University Press. 2nd edition. 1989.〕 Carcasses were shot from howitzers, mortars, and other cannons to set fire to buildings and defenses; on impact, the shell shattered, spreading its incendiary filling around the target. Congreve rockets were also sometimes fitted with carcass heads.
They were named ''carcass'' because the circles which pass from one ring, or plate, to the other, were thought to resemble the ribs of a human carcass.〔
==History==
Carcasses were used for the first time by the French under Louis XIV in 1672.〔Nicolas Édouard Delabarre-Duparcq and George Washington Cullum. ''(Elements of Military Art and History )''. 1863. p 142.〕 They were also fired from bomb vessels.
The carcass shell as used by the Royal Navy in the 18th century, most famously in the attack on Fort McHenry, was a hollow cast iron sphere weighing . Instead of the single fuse hole found on a conventional mortar shell of the period, the carcass had 3 openings, each in diameter. Its filling burned for 11 minutes upon firing. It was especially useful during night bombardments, as the burning projectile assisted in the aiming of the cannon.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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